Checker shadow illusion

Perceptual illusion demonstrating that the visual system uses context as well as physical luminance to determine the lightness or darkness of an object.

Artificial Scotoma

Perceptual illusion in which an artificial blind spot is filled in by a twinkling background.

Troxler Effect

Perceptual illusion in which an image in peripheral vision disappears.

Phenakistoscope

Optical toy producing the illusion of moving images, popular during the Victorian era.